Trade-Marks Examination Manual

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Trade-Marks Examination Manual (PDF - 1 MB - 247 pages)

Table of Contents

• Topic Index
  • I Introduction
    • General Information
  • II Examination of the Application as to Form
    • II.1 Pre-examination
    • II.2 Request for Early Examination
    • II.3 Formal Requirements — Section 30
      • II.3.1 Physical Format of Applications — Rule 13
    • II.4 Types of Applications - Section 16, Paragraphs 41(1)(c) and 30(b) to (f)
    • II.5 Contents Common to All Applications
      • II.5.1 Identification and Description of the Mark — Paragraph 30(h), Rule 24, Paragraph 2, Forms
      • II.5.2 Identity of Applicant — Paragraph l, Forms
        • II.5.2.1 General Provisions
        • II.5.2.2 Individuals
        • II.5.2.3 Partnerships
        • II.5.2.4 Associations
        • II.5.2.5 Joint Ventures
        • II.5.2.6 Corporations
        • II.5.2.7 Use of French or English Form of Corporate Name
        • II.5.2.8 Legal Entities
        • II.5.2.9 Foreign Legal Entities
        • II.5.2.10 Wrong Identification of Applicant
      • II.5.3 Address Of Applicant — Paragraph 30(g)
      • II.5.4 Signature of Applicant
      • II.5.5 Description of Wares or Services — Specific Wares in Ordinary Commercial Terms — Paragraph 30(a)
        • II.5.5.1 General Classes of Wares & Services — Paragraphs 30(b) and (c)
      • II.5.6 Naming Date of First Use or Making Known — Paragraphs 30(b) or (c)
        • II.5.6.1 Use of a Trade-mark
      • II.5.7 Applicant's Statement of Claim of Entitlement — Paragraph 10 of Form 1 — Paragraph 30(i)
    • II.6 Content Appearing in Some Applications
      • II.6.1 Predecessor in Title — Paragraphs 30(b), (c) and (d) — Paragraphs 4 and 5 of Forms
      • II.6.2 Drawings — Paragraph 30(h) and Rules 27(1) and 28
        • II.6.2.1 Form and Size — Rule 27(1)
        • II.6.2.2 Colour — Lining Drawings for — Rule 28
        • II.6.2.3 Colour — Word Description
      • II.6.3 Specimens — Rule 29(c)
      • II.6.4 Disclaimers — Section 35, Forms, Paragraph 3
    • II.7 Contents of Specific Applications
      • II.7.1 Applications Based on Use in Canada — Subsection 16(1) and Paragraph 30(b), Form 1
        • II.7.1.1 Type of Mark
        • II.7.1.2 Naming Date of First Use
      • II.7.2 Applications Based on Making Known in Canada — Subsection 16(1) and Paragraph 30(c), Form 2
        • II.7.2.1 Manner of Making Known in Canada — Section 5
        • II.7.2.2 Naming Date of Making Known
      • II.7.3 Applications Based on Application or Registration in or for a Union Country and Use Abroad - Subsections 16(2) and Paragraph 30(d), Form 3
        • II.7.3.1 Data Appearing in Canadian Application
        • II.7.3.2 Date of Entitlement
        • II.7.3.3 Statement of Use — Paragraph 30(d)
        • II.7.3.4 Certificate of Corresponding Registration — Subsection 31(1)
        • II.7.3.5 Priority Filing Date — Section 34
      • II.7.4 Applications Based on Proposed Use in Canada — Subsection 16(3) and Paragraph 30(e), Form 4
        • II.7.4.1 Explanation of Proposed Use Provision
        • II.7.4.2 Advantage of Proposed Use Application
        • II.7.4.3 Declaration of Use — Subsection 40(2)
        • II.7.4.4 Abandonments under Subsection 40(3)
        • II.7.4.5 Specimens — Proposed Use
        • II.7.4.6 Additional Comments Regarding Applications
      • II.7.5 Applications for Certification Marks — Sections 23, 24 and 25 and Paragraph 30(f), Form 5
        • II.7.5.1 Definition of Certification Mark — Section 23
        • II.7.5.2 Use of Certification Mark
        • II.7.5.3 Descriptive of Place of Origin — Section 25
        • II.7.5.4 Data on Application
        • II.7.5.5 Examples of Registered Certification Marks
      • II.7.6 Applications for Distinguishing Guises — Sections 13 and 32, Form 1
        • II.7.6.1 Definition of a Distinguishing Guise
        • II.7.6.2 Paragraph 13(1)(b) and Subsection 13(2)
        • II.7.6.3 Submitting Proof of Distinctiveness — Section 32
      • II.7.7 Applications to Extend Statement of Wares or Services — Paragraph 41(1)(c), Form 7
        • II.7.7.1 Instruction (e) — Form 7
        • II.7.7.2 Drawings and Specimens — Extension of Wares/Services
      • II.7.8 Claim to the Benefit of Section 14
        • II.7.8.1 Comparison of Subsection 12(2) and Section 14
        • II.7.8.2 Data Required on Affidavits
        • II.7.8.3 Further Notes on Section 14
      • Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property - Status on January 1, 1996
      • WTO Members (122) as of June 10, 1996
  • III The Search / Confusion 69
    • III.1 Purpose of the search
    • III.2 Definition of Confusion — Subsection 6(2)
      • III.2.1 Surrounding Circumstances
      • III.2.2 Subsection 6(5)
        • III.2.2.1 Paragraph 6(5)(a) — Inherent Distinctiveness
        • III.2.2.2 Paragraph 6(5)(b) — Extent and Length of Time Used
        • III.2.2.3 Paragraph 6(5)(c) — Nature of Wares or Services
        • III.2.2.4 Paragraph 6(5)(c) — Nature of Wares or Services — Pharmaceuticals
        • III.2.2.5 Paragraph 6(5)(d) — Nature of the Trade
        • III.2.2.6 Paragraph 6(5)(e) — Degree of Resemblance between the Marks
    • III.3 Test of Confusion
      • III.3.1 Doubt as to Confusion
    • III.4 The Search Sheet
    • III.5 Search Headings
      • III.5.1 Vowels
      • III.5.2 Consonants
      • III.5.3 Letters
      • III.5.4 Names or Surnames
      • III.5.5 Words of Praise or Quality
      • III.5.6 Common Prefixes or Suffixes
      • III.5.7 Distinctive Marks
      • III.5.8 Pharmaceutical Marks
    • III.6 Searching the Indexes
    • III.7 Discovering a Confusing Mark
      • III.7.1 Confusion with a Registered Mark — Paragraph 12(1)(d)
      • III.7.2 Associated Marks — Section 15
      • III.7.3 Confusion with Certification Mark
      • III.7.4 Trade-names
    • III.8 Confusion — Person Entitled Re: Co-pending Applications — Section 16
      • III.8.1 Entitlement
        • III.8.1.1 Disposition of Application
      • III.8.2 Abandoned Applications
      • III.8.3 Concurrent Use of Confusing Marks
      • III.8.4 Notification of Applicants
      • III.8.5 Same Entitlement Date
    • III.9 Reference Sources
    • III.10 Preparation of File for Advertisement
      • Advertisement Sheet - Feuille de Publication
  • IV The Examination of the Mark
    • IV.1 Purpose of Examination
    • IV.2 Definition of Trade-mark
      • IV.2.1 Colour
      • IV.2.2 Functionality
      • IV.2.3 Representation of the Wares (full-line drawing)
      • IV.2.4 Representation of the Wares (broken-line drawing)
      • IV.2.5 Packages (unfolded)
      • IV.2.6 Distinguishing Guise
      • IV.2.7 Slogan
      • IV.2.8 Letters and Initials
      • IV.2.9 Numerals
    • IV.3 Paragraph 12(1)(a) — Names and Surnames
      • IV.3.1 Word
      • IV.3.2 Definition of Name or Surname
        • IV.3.2.1 Given Name and Surname
        • IV.3.2.2 Surnames Followed by "& Sons," "Brothers," etc
      • IV.3.3 Compound Surnames
      • IV.3.4 Pluralized Surnames
      • IV.3.5 Surnames in the Possessive Form
      • IV.3.6 Portions Objectionable under Paragraphs 12(1)(a) and (b) or 12(1)(a) and (c)
      • IV.3.7 Reference Sources — Paragraph 12(1)(a)
      • IV.3.8 Merely a Name or a Surname
      • IV.3.9 Meaning of "Primarily"
      • IV.3.10 Test to Determine Primary Meaning
      • IV.3.11 Historical Characters — Paragraph 9(1)(l)
      • IV.3.12 Signatures — Paragraph 9(1)(l)
    • IV.4 Paragraph 12(1)(b) — Clearly Descriptive or Deceptively Misdescriptive
      • IV.4.1 Definition
      • IV.4.2 Examination under Paragraph 12(1)(b)
      • IV.4.3 Test
      • IV.4.4 Depicted, Written or Sounded
      • IV.4.5 Misdescriptiveness
      • IV.4.6 Deceptively Misdescriptive
      • IV.4.7 In the English or French Languages
      • IV.4.8 Character or Quality
        • IV.4.8.1 Embellishment of Descriptive Words
      • IV.4.9 Suggestive Trade-marks
      • IV.4.10 Conditions of Production — Clearly Descriptive or Deceptively Misdescriptive in the English or French Languages
      • IV.4.11 Persons Employed in the Production of — Clearly Descriptive or Deceptively Misdescriptive in the English or French Languages
      • IV.4.12 Place of Origin — Clearly Descriptive or Deceptively Misdescriptive Of
      • IV.4.13 Certification Mark — Place of Origin
    • IV.5 Reference Sources
    • IV.6 Paragraph 12(1)(c) — Name of Wares or Services
      • IV.6.1 Reasons for Paragraph 12(1)(c)
      • IV.6.2 Interpreting and Applying Provisions
      • IV.6.3 Information from Government Departments — Paragraphs 12(1)(b) and (c) and 30(i)
      • Articles Other Than Plated Articles
      • List of Grade Names and Agricultural Product Legends
    • IV.7 Paragraph 12(1)(d) — Confusion
    • IV.8 Paragraph 12(1)(e) — Prohibited Marks
      • IV.8.1 Paragraphs 9(1)(a), (b) and (c)
      • IV.8.2 Paragraph 9(1)(d)
      • IV.8.3 Paragraph 9(1)(e)
        • IV.8.3.1 Form of Request for Public Notice — Paragraph 9(1)(e)
      • IV.8.4 Paragraphs 9(1)(f), (g) and (h)
        • IV.8.4.1 Paragraph 9(1)(h.1)
      • IV.8.5 Paragraphs 9(1)(i) and 9(1)(i.1)
        • IV.8.5.1 Paragraph 9(1)(i.2)
        • IV.8.5.2 Paragraph 9(1)(i.3)
      • IV.8.6 Paragraph 9(1)(j)
      • IV.8.7 Paragraph 9(1)(k)
      • IV.8.8 Paragraph 9(1)(l)
      • IV.8.9 Paragraph 9(1)(m)
      • IV.8.10 Paragraph 9(1)(n)
        • IV.8.10.1 Subparagraphs 9(1)(n)(i) and (ii)
        • IV.8.10.2 Subparagraph 9(1)(n)(iii)
          • IV.8.10.2.1 Public Authority
          • IV.8.10.2.2 Official Marks
          • IV.8.10.2.3 Form of Request for Public Notice — Subparagraph 9(1)(n)(iii)
          • IV.8.10.2.4 Paragraph 9(1)(n.1)
      • IV.8.11 Paragraph 9(1)(o)
      • IV.8.12 Section 10
        • IV.8.12.1 Section 10.1
      • IV.8.13 Sections 9 and 10 — Informing the Applicant
      • IV.8.14 Paragraph 9(2)(a) — Consent for Use of Prohibited Marks
        • IV.8.14.1 Paragraph 9(2)(b)
      • IV.8.15 Paragraph 12(1)(f) and Section 10.1 — Plant Variety Denominations
      • IV.8.16 Paragraphs 12(1)(g) and (h) — Protected Geographical Indications for Wines or Spirits
    • IV.9 Disclaimers — Section 35
      • IV.9.1 Portion of the Trade-mark
        • IV.9.1.1 Compound Word
        • IV.9.1.2 Hyphenated Word
        • IV.9.1.3 Composite Mark
        • IV.9.1.4 Partial Disclaimers
      • IV.9.2 Portion Not Independently Registrable — Disclaimer Requested
      • IV.9.3 Portions Independently Registrable — No Disclaimer Request
      • IV.9.4 Marks Non-Registrable, Even with Disclaimer
        • IV.9.4.1 Disclaimer - Deceptively Misdescriptive or Misleading Prohibited Matter
        • IV.9.4.2 Disclaimer - Confusing Marks
        • IV.9.4.3 Disclaimer — All Elements of Trade-mark
        • IV.9.4.4 Disclaimer — Protected Geographical Indications for Wines or Spirits
      • IV.9.5 Form of Disclaimers
    • IV.10 Subsection 12(2) — Distinctiveness
      • IV.10.1 General
      • IV.10.2 Evidence
        • IV.10.2.1 Master Affidavits
        • IV.10.2.2 Additional Affidavits
        • IV.10.2.3 Survey Evidence
        • IV.10.2.4 Restriction as to Territory
      • IV.10.3 Determination of Distinctiveness — Subsection 12(2)
        • IV.10.3.1 Prior Decision
        • IV.10.3.2 Onus
    • IV.11 Section 14 — Not Without Distinctive Character
  • V The Examiners' Reports
    • V.1 Objection to Registration — Subsection 37(2)
    • V.2 First Actions
    • V.3 Standard Paragraphs
    • V.4 Wares or Services
    • V.5 Paragraph 12(1)(a)
    • V.6 Paragraph 12(1)(b)
    • V.7 Paragraph 12(1)(c)
    • V.8 Paragraph 12(1)(d)
    • V.9 Paragraph 12(1)(e)
      • V.9.1 Paragraph 12(1)(f)
      • V.9.2 Paragraphs 12(1)(g) and (h)
    • V.10 Section 16
    • V.11 Multiple Claims
    • V.12 Second and Third Actions
      • V.12.1 Telephone Amendments
      • V.12.2 Approval and Publication
    • V.13 Letter of Refusal
    • V.14 Third and Subsequent Actions
      • V.14.1 Evidence Requirements
      • V.14.2 Deletion of Wares or Services
      • V.14.3 Additional Information
      • V.14.4 Clarification by Examiners
        • V.14.4.1 Further Objections under Section 16
      • V.14.5 Notice Pursuant to Section 44 and/or Section 45
      • V.14.6 Consent — Confusing Marks
    • V.15 Applicant's Failure to Reply
    • V.16 Section 36 — Abandonment of Applications
    • V.17 Abandoned Files
    • V.18 Transfer of Index Cards
    • V.19 Officially Abandoned
    • V.20 Time Extensions — Subsections 47(1) and (2)
      • V.20.1 Time Extensions — Office Action and Section 36
    • V.21 Effect of Abandoned Trade-mark Applications
  • VI List of Cases